Pneumatic transport is defined as the process of conveying a two-phase mixture of gas (most commonly air) and solid material driven by a pressure difference between the beginning and the end of the pipeline.
The process is carried out in closed pipelines, and the flow structure depends on the amount of air and bulk material, the pressure difference along the transport line, the physical properties of the solid, and the diameter and length of the transport pipe. Bulk material transport is most economical when carried out with a minimal amount of air, as air consumption directly affects the operating cost of the conveying system.
A pressure-vessel feeder (pressure tank conveyor) consists of a sealed vessel that is filled by gravity and emptied from the bottom. The lower section of the device is connected to a transport pipeline directing the material into a silo.
Pipeline diverters are used to send material from a single feeding unit to multiple discharge destinations. The operating principle of a pressure-vessel feeder is based on loading the vessel with material and supplying compressed air at high pressure. Due to the pressure difference, the bulk material is pushed into the pipeline and conveyed to the selected destination. The entire transport process is hermetic, and the ability to route pipelines vertically and horizontally makes pneumatic conveying one of the most popular methods for moving dry and bulk materials.
Key Advantages of Pneumatic Transport
Long-distance conveying capability
- Transport distances may reach several hundred meters, which is a major advantage over mechanical conveyors.
No moving parts in the conveying zone
- Minimizes mechanical wear and reduces maintenance needs.
Clean and hermetic operation
- Closed systems eliminate dust emissions and protect the material from contamination.
Freedom of routing
- Material can be conveyed horizontally, vertically, or at any angle, offering high flexibility in system design.
Suitable for difficult-flowing materials
- Performs well with fine powders and cohesive materials.
Ability to convey high-density materials
- Such as cement, fly ash, or granulates.
One conveying system can serve multiple materials
- Without cross-contamination.
Automation and precise control
- Allow regulation of material flow and integration with other production systems.
Equipment useful in pneumatic conveying processes
Silo accessories
a set of auxiliary devices and systems.
Silos
for storing loose materials.
Chamber feeders
as power supply elements in high-pressure pneumatic transport systems.
Cyclones
for separating solid particles from gas streams.
Industrial filters
for thorough purification of gases from dust and fine solid particles.
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